General Science GENETICS IBDP Biology Uncategorized 11.1 Antibody production and vaccination June 1, 2021 Shveta 0 Comments Animal Physiology, Antibody production and vaccination, IBDP Biology 1.What forms the basis of immunity after vaccination? ABCD2. Which structure found in eukaryotes has a single membrane?Nucleus Lysosome Chloroplast Mitochondrion 3. A secondary immune response occurs when an antigen is encountered on a second occasion, due to exposure to a pathogen that previously caused infection. Which property of some viruses explains the lack of a secondary immune response?Viruses fail to induce a primary responseViruses can have a high mutation rateB cells do not interact with virusesAntibodies cannot interact with viruses4. What is directly responsible for allergic symptoms, including a runny nose or itchy eyes?Pathogens HistamineT-lymphocytes Antigens 5. What is required for a skeletal muscle to exert force?Extensor and flexor musclesSynovial joints Attachment to bones Ligaments 6. Which sequence of events leads to the production of antibodies? ABCD7. In the production of monoclonal antibodies, B-cells are fused to tumour cells to make hybridoma cells. What can hybridoma cells do?Divide endlessly Ingest antigens Become memory cells Bind to antibodies 8. What is an example of active immunity?Antibodies passed from the mother to fetus across the placentaAntibodies produced by another organism and injected to protect against a disease Antibodies passed from the mother in colostrum during breastfeeding Antibodies produced after the defence mechanisms have been stimulated by antigens 9. What results from the fusion of tumour cells with B-cells?The inability of B-cells to divide The production of monoclonal antibodies The production of antigens The activation of helper T-cells 10. How are B-cells activated?An antibody binds to a B-cell which is activated by a helper T-cellAn antigen binds to a B-cell which is activated by a helper T-cellAn unattached antigen binds to a helper T-cell which activates the B-cellAn antibody binds to a plasma cell which is activated by a helper T-cell11. Which of the following events form the basis of immunity upon which the principle of vaccination is based? ABCD12. What first happens to a B lymphocyte when it becomes activated?It divides by mitosis producing a clone of cellsIt begins transcription and produces antigensIt differentiates into memory cellsIt produces antibodies using its extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)13. Which types of immunity are acquired by each of the following actions? ABCD14. What is clonal selection?Production of memory B cellsProduction of a group of identical organismsPassive immunity as a result of inoculation with antibodies Mitotic division of B cells activated in response to an infection 15. What occurs in the body after the injection of a vaccine containing antigens?Activated B-cells divide to form memory cellsThe receiver of the vaccine develops passive immunityHelper T-cells produce specific antibodiesMacrophages are cloned and destroy the antigen16. What is produced in the body during HIV infection?Anti-HIV antibiotics Anti-HIV anticodonsAnti-HIV antibodiesAnti-HIV antigens 17. Which of the following statements is incorrect?Active immunity is the stimulation of the immune system to produce antigen-specific antibodiesVaccines produce immunological memory similar to that acquired by having the natural diseaseThe most common way to acquire passive immunity is to have the natural disease.Killed forms of a microorganism can act as an antigen18. The diagram below shows some stages in the production of monoclonal antibodies. What are stages X, Y and Z? ABCD19. How can active immunity be acquired?By having the disease Injection of antibodies Through colostrum Via placenta 20. What are fused in the production of monoclonal antibodies?Tumour cells and T-cells Tumour cells and B-cells B-cells and T-cells Antibodies and antigens 21. Which cells activate helper T-cells by antigen presentation?B-cells Bacteria Macrophages Plasma cells22. What is required to produce monoclonal antibodies?T-lymphocytes and oocytes T-lymphocytes and early embryo cells B-lymphocytes and tumour cells B-lymphocytes and stem cells 23. When a pathogen is ingested by a phagocyte, which event occurs first?T-cell activation Memory cell proliferation Antigen presentation by the phagocyteB-cell activation
