5.3 Clarification of diversity

1.Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key, represents a reptile?





2. Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is based on DNA sequences and the cladogram on the right is based on comparing protein sequences. What is the reason that cladograms based on DNA sequences are more reliable predictors of the phylogenetic relationship of species than cladograms based on protein sequences?





3. Below is a phylogenetic tree of the three domains. There are important differences between the three domains. Which of these domains have organelles?





4. A plant has cambium in its vascular tissue and pollen is produced in male cones. The plant disperses seeds but does not produce fruit. In which phylum does this plant belong?





5. The diagram represents a cladogram of the family Procyonidae. What would justify classifying these organisms into four different genera?





6. Which is a characteristic of both bryophyta and filicinophyta?





7. The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system. The graph shows the percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six antibiotics over a period of ten years. What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100% in 2010?





8. An animal shows radial symmetry, has only one opening leading to a digestive cavity and is soft without a skeleton. To which phylum does this animal belong?





9. In which domain are bryophyta found?





10. The scientific name of the Wakatobi flowerpecker is Dicaeum kuehni. Which species is most closely related?





11. The scientific name of the great egret has recently been changed from Casmerodius albus to Ardea alba. What is a possible reason for the reclassification of egrets?





12. Which is a coniferophyte?





13. How can molluscs and platyhelminthes be distinguished?





14. To which domain does Carcharodon carcharias, a shark, belong?





15. The image shows an Acacia tortilis tree which is one of 13 species of Acacia. All such flowering trees are examples of Fabaceae. What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis?





16. What is the highest level of taxa for Acacia tortilis?





17. The photograph shows an animal of the species Eisenia fetida. [Source: “Redwiggler1” by Mihai Duguleana; - Transferred from en.wikipedia to Commons. Licensed under Public Domain via Wikimedia Commons - https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Redwiggler1.jpg#/media/File:Redwiggler1.jpg] Which phylum does it belong to?





18. Which phylum includes plants with rhizoids, spores that are produced in a capsule and a height below 0.5 metres?





19. The image shows a drawing of an organism   To which phylum of plants does this organism belong?





20. To which phylum do organisms with exoskeleton, jointed appendages and segmented bodies belong?





21. Ranunculus repens and Hypericum repens both have yellow flowers. Which statement is true?





22. What distinguishes Annelida from Platyhelminthes?





23. What features occur in all species of Angiospermophyta and Coniferophyta?





24. A biologist exploring an uninhabited island came across an unknown plant. She made the following notes:
  • grows in a damp and shady corner of the island
  • has large feathery leaves with spore cases (sporangia) arranged on the underside
  • young leaves are tightly rolled up
  • has roots.
In what phylum should she classify this plant?





25. Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related? I.    Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) II.   Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) III.  Smooth blackberry (Rubus canadensis) IV.   Canadian barberry (Berberis canadensis)





26. Based on binomial nomenclature, which two species are most closely related? I.   Common barberry (Berberis vulgaris) II.  Canadian bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) III. Smooth blackberry (Rubus canadensis) IV.  Canadian barberry (Berberis canadensis)





27. Which organisms have flowers?





28. Which organisms have flowers?





29. Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following statements is correct?





30. A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which specimen is an arthropod?
  1. Non-segmented body ..............................go to 2 Segmented body .....................................go to 3 2. Body is not symmetrical...............................specimen A Body is symmetrical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . specimen B 3. Jointed appendages present........................specimen C Jointed appendages absent ........................specimen D





31. Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following statements is correct?





32. A poodle and a chihuahua are both dogs and classified as Canis familiaris. What conclusion can be made?





33. Which phylum does the plant below belong to?





34. An animal has radial symmetry, a sac-like body with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures. To which phylum does this animal belong?





35. Which of the following is a characteristic of platyhelminthes?





36. Ants, bees and wasps are classified in the same order. What can be deduced about these animals?





37. Pseudolarix amabilis produces seeds but not flowers. Physcomitrella patens has leaves but not roots. To which groups do they belong?      





38. Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid?





39. To which group do sponges belong?







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