General Science GENETICS IBDP Biology Uncategorized 5.1 Evidence for evolution May 28, 2021 Shveta 0 Comments Evidence for evolution, Evolution and Biodiversity, IBDP Biology 1.Which of these structures is not homologous? [Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_anatomy#/media/File:Homology_vertebrates-en.svg and https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Insect_leg_scheme.svg]ABCD2. Cladograms can be created by comparing DNA or protein sequences. The cladogram on the left is based on DNA sequences and the cladogram on the right is based on comparing protein sequences. What is the reason that cladograms based on DNA sequences are more reliable predictors of the phylogenetic relationship of species than cladograms based on protein sequences?Amino acids are not as chemically stable as DNA nucleotidesDNA mutates but amino acids do notSeveral different triplets of bases can code for the same amino acidThere are 20 different amino acids but only 4 nucleotide3. The bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes infections related to the human reproductive system. The graph shows the percentage of samples in which this bacterium showed resistance to six antibiotics over a period of ten years. What is a possible explanation for the total percentage resistance being larger than 100% in 2010?People do not take the antibiotics as prescribedMore people have been sampled in that yearThere was an epidemic of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that yearSome bacteria are resistant to more than one antibiotic4. The graph shows the song duration of birds from the genus Phylloscopus sampled from west to east throughout Northern Europe and Northern Asia. What concept do these data illustrate?Gradual divergence Adaptive radiation Interbreeding populations Punctuated equilibrium 5. Which evidence for evolution do the common features in the bone structure of vertebrate limbs provide? Adaptive radiation Divergent radiation Convergent evolution Discontinuous variation 6. The pictures show skeletons of a frog (Conraua goliath) and of a domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). What is the evolutionary relationship between X and Y? They are analogousX is analogous and Y is homologousThey are homologousThey are neither homologous nor analogou7. What is the biological definition of the term evolution?The changes shown by fossils over millions of yearsThe transmission of favourable variations to offspring The cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population The promotion of variation in a species by sexual reproduction8. Which example provides evidence of evolution?White wings of a peppered moth turn black in industrial areasAntibiotic resistant bacteria replace non-resistant bacteria over timeSome Galapagos finches’ beaks become smaller during dry yearsPolar bears are found in warmer latitudes following global warming9. Which example provides evidence of evolution?White wings of a peppered moth turn black in industrial areasAntibiotic resistant bacteria replace non-resistant bacteria over timeSome Galapagos finches’ beaks become smaller during dry yearsPolar bears are found in warmer latitudes following global warming10. What is accepted by scientists as evidence for evolution? I. Similarities in bone structure between the wings of a bat and the fins of a porpoise II. Changes in dog breeds caused by artificial selection III. Extinction of dinosaursI only I and II only I and III only I, II and III 11. What characteristics describe homologous structures?They have the same ancestral origin but may have different functionsThey have the same ancestral origin and always have the same functionThey have different ancestral origins and may have different functionsThey have different ancestral origins but always have the same function12. The Atlantic cod (Gadus callarias) is a fish which lays about 5 000 000 eggs in its lifetime. On average, only two of these eggs survive to become adult cod. How does this promote evolution? All offspring are genetically identical, so become better adaptedLaying many eggs provides food for other species to survive and become better adaptedSome young cod change to become adapted to the environment and survive and pass on their genesOffspring with favourable variations survive and pass on their genes13. The following diagrams (not to scale) represent the fossilized forelimbs of three horses living at different times, none of which are alive today. The diagrams provide evidence for which of the following?Pentadactyl limbDomestication of animals Homologous structuresChange in the characteristics of species 14. What is evolution?A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individualA cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a populationA physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation 15. Which of the following represent homologous features?Wings in birds and insects The appendix in humans and horses Fins in fish and wings in birdsThe striped coat of the zebra and the tiger 16. Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution? I. Homologous structures II. Selective breeding of domesticated animals III. Overproduction of offspringI and II only I and III only II and III only I, II and III